After the original experiment, we presented additional trials to examine whether infants associated sound patterns with cued locations, for which we did not find any evidence either. Our results did not replicate the original findings: although anticipatory looks increased slightly during post-switch trials for both groups, bilingual infants were not better switchers than monolingual infants. Using the exact same materials in combination with novel analysis techniques (Bayesian analyses, mixed effects modeling and cluster based permutation analyses), we assessed the robustness of these findings in four babylabs (N = 98). The authors took this as evidence of a cognitive advantage. However, during post-switch trials, only bilingual children anticipated that the stimulus would appear on the other side of the screen. In the original experiment, both mono- and bilingual infants anticipated where the visual stimulus would appear during pre-switch trials. The stimulus appeared on one side of the screen for nine trials and then switched to the other side. In the experiment, a sound cue, following an AAB or ABB pattern, predicted the appearance of a visual stimulus on the screen. We present an exact replication of Experiment 2 from Kovács and Mehler's 2009 study, which showed that 7-month-old infants who are raised bilingually exhibit a cognitive advantage. We discuss this finding with respect to the general relevance of attentional control for lexical learning in all children and with respect to current views of bilingual children's word learning. The findings provide the first direct evidence of a relation between performances in an artificial word-learning task and in an attentional control task. The results replicate earlier work showing advanced attentional control among bilingual children and suggest that this better attentional control may also benefit better performance in novel adjective learning. Three-year-old monolingual and bilingual children with similar vocabulary development participated in these tasks. This study compared bilingual and monolingual children's performances in an artificial word-learning task and in a non-linguistic task that measures attention control. That is, children who must manage two languages also must manage to learn two languages and the advantages of more efficient attentional control may benefit aspects of language learning within each language. One question waiting to be addressed is whether such efficient attentional control plays a role in word learning. If you're dealing with a hard drive that's filling up fast, I would definitely recommend giving this program a try.The ability to control attention - by inhibiting pre-potent, yet no longer relevant information - is an essential skill in all of human learning, and increasing evidence suggests that this ability is enhanced in language learning environments in which the learner is managing and using more than one language. It was easy to use, and it definitely helped me free up some space on my Mac. Overall, I found Monolingual to be a very handy utility. Plus, there are several language localizations available, including Japanese, Polish, Swedish, and German. If you're interested, you can even access the source code. Stein, and it's released under the GNU General Public License. For example, if you primarily use your computer in English, you don't really need all of the localization files for Mac OS X. Most of us only use our computers in one language, after all. What makes Monolingual so useful is that it targets language resources that you don't actually need. Once you have it installed, you can start using it to clean up your system. However, it also works on Mac OS X 10.3 (Panther). In order to run Monolingual, you'll need to have at least Mac OS X 10.2 (Jaguar). By doing so, it can help you reclaim several hundred megabytes of disk space. This program is specifically designed to remove unnecessary language resources from Mac OS X. If you're looking for a way to free up some space on your Mac, Monolingual might just be the solution you need.
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